In addition to creating indels or inactivations, scientists can promote a precise form of repair (homology-directed repair; HDR) by providing a DNA sequence that the cell can use as a repair template to insert (activate) a DNA sequence that matches the break. CRISPR-Cas9, a gene-editing technology known for its ease of use, can eliminate or eliminate genes. Deleting a gene involves inserting CRISPR-Cas9 into a cell using a guide RNA that directs the tool to the gene of interest. Not all ER—mediated responses require the prototypical estrogen response elements in specific genes.
A genetically activated mouse model with a mutated ERα that does not bind to estrogen response elements (ERE), 322 expresses negative, but not positive, feedback from estradiol on gonadotropin secretion, suggesting that negative feedback does not require the binding of ERα to an ERE. Although it was demonstrated that the expression of male sexual behavior in men required attachment to ERES, 323 results on female sexual behavior have not been published. However, this work suggests that some effects of estradiol that are relevant to female sexual behavior do not require linking the nuclear ER to an ERE, which opens up the possibility that estradiol induces these effects through membrane REs. The iPhil mouse represents an inducible form of the mouse without eosinophils, PHIL (inducible PHIL).
This new line of genetically inhibited mice provides an essentially wild-type mouse that can inducibly lose eosinophils, thus avoiding the possible ontological effects of eosinophils on the immune system. The IPHIL is created through genetic activation technology by inserting the human DT receptor into the endogenous EPO locus, thus expressing the human DT receptor specifically in eosinophils (our unpublished data). DT is then administered to mice to specifically remove eosinophils, which are the only type of cell that expresses the human DT receptor. As a modification of the deactivation technique, mouse models with activation are also useful tools for studying the proteins of interest and the regulation of signaling pathways in tissues and cells.
Genetic identification technology alters the genetic locus of interest by using individual DNA sequence information that adds information that is not found in a selected genetic locus.
